Monday, August 3, 2009

Tal Chhapar - birding trip by K Koshy and friends




































Some things happen only once in a lifetime. And these are event you cherish long after they occur. My birding trip to Tal Chhapar is just one of this type, ‘once-in-a-lifetime experience’.


When the RBW (Retired Birders’’ Wing of the Delhibird) decided to make a weekend(31st July – 2nd Aug, 2009) trip to Tal Chhapar to pursue the lead given by Mr. Punia, Range Officer, Rajasthan Forest Department, Tal Chhapar We (Anand Arya, Wingco Sethi and yours truly) did not have the faintest idea that we are just about to create history and to be part of it!


We left Delhi around 1.30 pm in Anand’s Tata Safar from Siri Fort and headed for Tal Chhapar via Gurgaon, Dharuhera, Behror, Kotputli, Neem-ka-Thana, Sikar, Lakshmangarh, and reached Salasar, 20 KM short of Tal Chhapar by 9.30 pm. The stay at Balaji Dham Vikas Sadan is memorable for clean rooms, cheap rates, wholesome thali meals at unbelievably affordable rates and the general atmosphere of the whole complex.

Woke up early and left for the sanctuary hoping to see a dozen or so buzzards in one day, setting a personal record of sorts. To say we were totally unprepared for what was in store for us would be an understatement. From the approach road, which skirts the periphery, we were watching some rosy starlings when Wingo pointed to some large bird sitting on the ground and making occasional sorties with stretched necks held low and straight forward. A close inspection through the binoculars revealed the bird to be pale necked buzzard, which for want of any trace of white in the eyes we thought was long legged buzzard. Then we noticed another on its left, then another left of even that one, and another to the right, and another in the front, and another behind and another and another... By now we were dumbfounded. ‘This is not true!’, said Wingco. Anand was squealing with thrill. I was too overwhelmed to do or say anything. The whole field ahead of us was literally peppered with scores and cores of buzzards.


We rushed to the office of the Ranger, where Shri Punia gracefully offered tea and joined us in a round of the sanctuary. Everywhere and anywhere you looked, the whole flat grassland was full of black bucks. From a capacity of 800, the population has now grown to well over 2000, forcing the Forest Department to acquire another 200 hectares to accommodate the explosion in population. Chinkaras and Blue bulls were also in plenty. But today was buzzard day and we had no time for the larger species. Any direction we looked, there were within 50 yards at least a dozen white eyed buzzards, most in the pale headed juvenile plumage. Like the Charge of the Light Brigade we progressed.

Cannon to the right of them,

Cannon to the left of them,

Cannon in front of them

…boldly they rode and well..

As per Arya, it was Nikon to the left of them, Nikon to the right of them and Canon in front.

We saw a Steppe Eagle majestically perched on a pole and approached for a close shot. That is when our attention was drawn to a darker coloured Buzzard which Anand and Punia thought was a Laggar falcon. While looking at that, we noticed behind it, in the fresh tall grass something with a grey thin long neck and a longish head and beak with a black clump of feathers on the crown. Even though the stance and the peculiar shape left no doubt about its identity, especially after one noticed the peculiar brownish body and its shape, at first we could never believe what we see in front of us is really an INDIAN BUZZARD! I shouted “ An Indian Bustard! Holy Jesus! is this really an Indian Bustard”. Anand confirmed and Wingoc strongly agreed. Poor Punia was struck speechless. He kept mumbling incoherently. After all, he has been in charge of the sanctuary for over three years and he knew every inch of the area. His personal attention and care of the zoo has resulted in visible improvement. And now there three old fogies land up from Delhi and show me a bird that every director of any sanctuary would be proud to claim! Long lenses and cameras came out and clicked away furiously to get a decent record shot. Out then came the books. Yes! This is indeed an Indian Bustard, female adult in very good form. After seeing this, we did not even mind the braking of the rear glass of Anand’s Safari, while trying to photograph a pair of Steppes on a tree, or the dozens of Laggar Falcons and other birds.

The afternoon session was rather tame with only about 600 or more buzzards, a pair of what we thought were peregrine falcons and a good sighting of Indian foxes.(Vulpes bengalensis).

The morning of 2nd August, we had only one mission, to see if there are more or only the female we spotted. A binocular scan of the grassland revealed a possible Bustard standing cleverly among Wooly necked Storks, but close examination showed it to be another specimen, possibly a male Indian Bustard. W called it a day happily after polishing of a dozen or so freshly fried Kachoris, which Anand has a penchant for locating from miles away. It is another matter that Wingco spotted and photographed a magnificent specimen of Red-necked Falcon at fairly close quarters sitting on a fence wire (the Falcon not Wingco). Arya’s attempt to retrieve his bazooka from the boot, were in vain as the falcon promptly flew away the moment Dr. Arya took his big lens out.

A very rewarding, exhilarating and historic birding trip indeed. A few observations might not be out of order here.

The tender loving care (TLC) with which Mr. Punia, the Range Officer in charge of Tal Chhapar Sanctuary tends to his park has rejuvenated the National Park. The appearance of the new inhabitants is a tribute to his selfless and sincere efforts.

Those who propose to visit the sanctuary may please note that there is severe restrictions on vehicular movement within the park. Please contact Mr. Punia in advance and find out the rules.

The best route from Delhi is Gurgaon-Kotputli-Neem ka thana-Sikar-Lakshmangarh-Salasar-Chhapar.

The long awaited rest house is coming up in the sanctuary and should be ready by next season if not late this season itself. The building is grand and rooms and facilities should be good.


Till then, the best bet is the dharamshala in Salasar. There are two very good ones with clean rooms and air conditioning. At least one more is coming up.

Eat and collect all the food and water you need en route well before Kotputli as there is nothing between Kotputli and Sikar. At sikar as you enter the town, at right on the first roundabout before the flyover, there is a decent multi-cuisine restaurant, strangely named “ICE”. Good, clean cheap food!

The canteen at the dharamshala sells genuine packaged water and cold drinks. Carry only what you need on the road journey.


The list of important birds sighted are given below:


Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps)pair

White eyed Buzzard (Between 600 and 1000)*

Laggar Falcon, over a dozen

Kestrel a pair

Steppe Eagle two

Egyptian Vultures two

Twany Eagle two

Oriental Honey Buzzard at least one, two sightings

Red Necked Falcon one

Rosy Starling over 5000

Wheatear, Isabelline and Variable

Shrikes, Long-tailed and Southern Grey

Wooly-necked Storks over 30

Black Ibis over 50,

Spoonbill, just one, though Punia says there are a dozen of them

Larks, Crested, Rufus-tailed and Ashy-crowned Sparrow

Bee eaters, green, blue cheeked and one possible blue tailed

Black bucks over 2000

Chinkara 100 – 200

Bluebulls 50 -60

Cheers,

Koshy


(* - needs substantiation)

Saturday, August 1, 2009

Lammergeier or Bearded Vulture






An Ossuary was discovered near Tunganath (Chopta, Uttarakhand, India) on 6 Jul
09 - an important find this time for me.

The Lammergeier has a bizarre habit of dropping large bones from high
up on to the rock surfaces to break them partially and afterwards it
devours the bones. These bone breaking sites are known as ossuaries.


(see the work of Antony Margalida here
http://www.aocs.org/news/archive_story.cfm?arch=1&id=733 )


This ossuary is an inverted V shaped section of a precipice 200-300
meters from the track to Chandrashila. The rocky face is on one lower
side of the "V", next to a mule track. An ideal spot for the
Lammergeier as prevailing wind will not deflect the large falling
bone.

Thanks to Negi of Kakdagad camp for noting the site. He heard the
crack of a bone landing on the rocks and then saw the Lammergeier in
action the next round.


Out of this bone breaking habit, the bird came to be known as bone
breaker and ossifrage. It is also called the bearded vulture and
bearded eagle whence the scientific name Gypaetus barbatus. And
"Lammergeier" or Lamb Vulture comes from the Alpine stories, now
discredited, of its carrying off lambs over precipices.


An interesting extract from the JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY
SOCIETY, Vol.XVIII, p500


The statement that the Bearded Vulture hurls animals over the
tremendous precipices of the Himalayas is, I think, proved by the fact
that the Gooral’s shoulder blade I found in the stomach of the bird
killed by me was broken in two pieces, as though from a fall, for it
is impossible that the bird could have done this with its bill.


It is probable that the Lammergeyer keeps a good look out for such
animals as may fall, or be thrown over the precipices of the mountains
which it frequents. I remember a sad accident which happened a few
years ago, when two officers were shooting on the Himalayan ranges.
One of them was following up a wounded bear which suddenly charged,
knocking him, and his shikari over the precipice, the impetus of the
charge carrying the bear over as well. His companion who was observing
all this from the top of the mountain, and who told me the story of
the accident very shortly after it happened, mentioned that it took
him about four hours to get down to the foot of the precipice, and
there he found the three bodies shattered almost beyond recognition.

He added that the Lammergeiers had already got at them.

W. OSBORN, Lieut.-General,
Naggur, Kulu Punjab,
12th January 1908.
***

Juvnile Lammergeier pix from Har Ki Dun trek, Uttarakhand, India, shot
on 19 Oct 08.

(report posted at birds-chandigarh google group by Devashish Deb, both photographs are him).


Wednesday, July 29, 2009

Morni Report by Narbir Kahlon

http://groups.google.co.in/group/birds-chandigarh/files

Trip Report to Morni and surround areas

A Report from birdtours.co.uk

Morni, Kasasuli, Kalesar National Park and Panipat Oil Refinery, Suresh C. Sharma


13 April 05 Left Sonipat at 0630 hrs
Arrive Berwala Bird Safari at 0930 hrs
Birding till 1230 hrs
Lunch at Greenpark
Birding Ghaggar River valley
Reach Chandrawal Lodge, Morni Hills at 1430 hrs
Tea at Chandrawal Lodge
Birding along the main trail from the Lodge to the Mountain
Quail Road
Return to the Lodge at 1930 hrs
Dinner and rest at the lodge

14 April 05 Leave for Tikkar Tal at 0600 hrs (9 kms from Chandrawal Lodge)
Return to Chandrawal by 1000 hrs.
Birding along the main trail from Mountain Quail side to the Lodge 1030-1230 hrs
Lunch and rest at Chandrawal
Drive upto Serla Tal beyond Morni village at 1330 hrs
Return to the Chandrawal Lodge by 1830 hrs.
Dinner and Rest at Chandrawal

15 April 05 Leave Chandrawal for Berwala at 0600 hrs
Reach Berwala at 0800 hrs
Leave Berwala 1200 hrs
Reach Kasauli 1430 hrs
Check in Hotel Maidens and rest there till 1600 hrs
Birding upto Monkey Point and back till 1900 hrs
Dinner and Stay at Hotel Maidens

16 Apr 05 Birding Kasauli 0600 to 1030 hrs
Leave Kasauli at 1100 hrs
Drive while birding Kumarhatti-Nahan-Paonta Sahib
Check in Tajewala Irrigation Rest House (Kalesar) 2000 hrs
Dinner and rest at the rest house

17 Apr 05 Leave Tajewala at 0600 hrs
Birding Kalesar National Park till 1000 hrs
A quick scan of Bata river from the Barapul bridge
Leave Kalesar 1130 hrs
Drive Yamunanagar-Ladwa-Indri-Karnal
Birding Panipat Refinery Wetland 1530-1630 hrs
Reach Sonipat/Delhi by 1830 hrs.

Where to stay:

For Morni (1) Chandrawal Kunj Lodge at Morni Hills. Serves meals.
(2) Mountain Quail Tourist Complex at Morni Hills. Serves meals.

For Kasauli (1) Hotel Maidens, Kasauli
There are lot of hotels at Kasauli

For Kalesar National Park

(1) Kalesar Forest Rest House
(2) Hathini Kund Irrigation Rest House
(3) Tajewala Irrigation Rest House - Advance booking is necessary. Serve meals.
(4) Hotel Lord Shiva - serve meals.

Weather: Morni - cool
Kasauli - cooler
Kalesar - warm

Vehicle: Hired AC Tata Indica

Co-birder : Amano Samarpan.

List of Birds

  1. Grey Francolins - Berwala
  2. Black Francolin -
  3. Red Junglefowl - Berwala, Morni, Kalesar
  4. Kalij Pheasant - one female flushed out at Kasauli on the Grewal Path
  5. Indian Peafowl - Berwala, Panipat and Kalesar
  6. Ruddy Shelduck - Kalesar (Hathini Kund Barrage)
  7. Spot-billed Duck - Kalesar (Hathini Kund Barrage)
  8. Speckled Piculet - Kasauli
  9. Grey-capped Pygmy Woodpecker - Morni
  10. Brown-fronted Woodpecker - Kasauli
  11. Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker - Kasauli
  12. Himalayan Flameback - Morni
  13. Greater Flameback - Kalesar
  14. Great Barbet - Berwala, Morni, Kasauli
  15. Brown-headed Barbet - Berwala, Morni and Kalesar
  16. Blue-throated Barbet - Morni
  17. Coppersmith Barbet - Berwala, Morni and Kalesar
  18. Indian Grey Hornbill - Kalesar
  19. Great Hornbill - Kalesar
  20. Common Hoopoe - Berwala, Morni
  21. Indian Roller - Kalesar
  22. Quail - unidentified quail at Morni for a fleeting moment, possibly Jungle Bush-quail
  23. Common Kingfisher - Kalesar, Panipat
  24. White-throated Kingfisher - Berwala, Morni, Kalesar and Panipat
  25. Pied Kingfisher - Kalesar, Panipat
  26. Blue-bearded Bee-eater - Berwala
  27. Green Bee-eater - Berwala
  28. Blue-tailed Bee-eater - Berwala
  29. Chestnut-headed Bee-eater - Kalesar
  30. Common Hawk-Cuckoo - Morni, Kasauli and Kalesar
  31. Eurasian Cuckoo - Kalesar
  32. Asian Koel - all
  33. Alexandrine Parakeet - all
  34. Rose-ringed Parakeet - all
  35. Plum-headed Parakeet - all
  36. House Swift - Berwala, Morni, Panipat, Kalesar
  37. Asian Barred Owlet - Kasauli and Nahan
  38. Spotted Owlet - Kalesar
  39. Rock Pigeon - all
  40. Oriental Turtle Dove - Morni and Kasauli
  41. Laughing Dove - all
  42. Spotted Dove - Berwala, Kasauli, Morni and Kalesar
  43. Red Collared Dove - Panipat
  44. Eurasian Collared Dove - all
  45. Yellow-footed Green Pigeon - Berwala
  46. Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon - Heard at Kalesar (doubtful)
  47. White-breasted Waterhen - Berwala, Panipat
  48. Purple Swamphen - Panipat
  49. Common Moorhen - Panipat
  50. Common Coot - Panipat
  51. Common Snipe - Panipat
  52. Black-tailed Godwit - Panipat
  53. Spotted Redshank - Panipat
  54. Marsh Sandpiper - Panipat, Kalesar
  55. Common Greenshank - Kalesar
  56. Green Sandpiper - Panipat, Kalesar
  57. Little Stint - Panipat
  58. Temminck's Stint - Panipat
  59. Curlew Sandpiper - Panipat
  60. Ruff - Panipat
  61. Black-winged Stilt - Panipat, Kalesar and Morni (Tikkar Tal)
  62. Little Ringed Plover - Panipat
  63. Red-wattled Lapwing - All
  64. River Tern - Panipat
  65. Black-shouldered Kite - Panipat, Kalesar
  66. Black Kite - all
  67. Brahminy Kite - Panipat
  68. Egyptian Vulture - all
  69. White-rumped Vultures - Berwala, Morni, Kasauli and Kalesar
  70. Indian Vultures - Berwala, Morni
  71. Himalayan Griffon - Kasauli
  72. Cinereous Vulture - Morni
  73. Short-toed Snake Eagle - Berwala
  74. Crested Serpent Eagle - Kalesar
  75. Shikra - Berwala, Kalesar, Panipat
  76. Oriental Honey-Buzzard - Berwala and Kalesar
  77. Common Kestrel - Berwala
  78. Little Grebe - Morni (Tikkar Tal) and Panipat
  79. Darter - Panipat
  80. Little Cormorant - Kalesar, Morni (Tikkar Tal) and Panipat
  81. Great Cormorant - Panipat
  82. Little Egret - Morni (Tikkar Tal), Kalesar and Panipat
  83. Grey Heron - Panipat, Kalesar
  84. Purple Heron - Panipat
  85. Great Egret - Panipat
  86. Intermediate Eaglet - Panipat, Kalesar
  87. Cattle Egret - Panipat
  88. Indian Pond Heron - Kalesar, Panipat
  89. Little Heron - Kalesar (Bata river bridge)
  90. Painted Stork -Kalesar (Hathini Kund Barrage)
  91. Asian Openbill - Kalesar
  92. Golden-fronted Leafbird - Kalesar
  93. Bay-backed Shrike - Panipat
  94. Long-tailed Shrike - Panipat, Kasauli, Morni, Kalesar
  95. Red-billed Blue Magpie - Morni and Kasauli
  96. Rufous Treepie - all
  97. Grey Treepie – Morni and Kasauli
  98. House Crow - all
  99. Large-billed Crow - all Eurasian Golden Oriole - all
  100. Large Cuckooshrike - Morni, Berwala, Kalesar
  101. Small Minivet - Berwala, Morni, Kalesar
  102. Long-tailed Minivet - Morni and Kasauli
  103. Scarlet Minivet - Morni and Kasauli
  104. Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike - Morni
  105. White-throated Fantail - Morni and Kasauli
  106. White-browed Fantail - Berwala, Kalesar
  107. Black Drongo - all
  108. Ashy Drongo - Morni and Kasauli
  109. Asian Paradise Flycatcher - Berwala
  110. Common Iora - Berwala, Kalesar
  111. Common Woodshrike - all
  112. Blue-capped Rock Thrush - Morni and Kasauli
  113. Blue Whistling Thrush - Berwala, Morni and Kasauli
  114. Red-throated Flycatcher - Berwala, Morni
  115. Verditer Flycatcher - Kasauli
  116. Small Niltava - Kalesar
  117. Blue-throated Flycatcher - Berwala
  118. Tickell's Blue Flycatcher - Berwala
  119. Grey-headed Canary Flycatcher - Kasauli
  120. Oriental Magpie Robin - all
  121. Indian Robin - all
  122. Black Redstart - Morni and Berwala
  123. White-capped Water Redstart - Morni (Gaggar bridge)
  124. Siberian Stonechat - Panipat
  125. Pied Bushchat - all
  126. Grey Bushchat - Morni and Kasauli
  127. Brown Rock-chat - all
  128. Brahminy Starling - Panipat
  129. Rosy Starling - Panipat
  130. Asian Pied Starling - Kalesar and Panipat
  131. Common Myna - all
  132. Bank Myna - Panipat
  133. Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch - Morni and Kasauli
  134. Bar-tailed Treecreeper - Kasauli
  135. Great Tit - Berwala, Morni, Kasauli and Kalesar
  136. Black-throated Tit - Kasauli
  137. Plain Martin - Berwala, Kalesar and Panipat
  138. Dusky Crag Martin - Kalesar
  139. Barn Swallow - Morni
  140. Wire-tailed Swallow - Kalesar
  141. Red-rumped Swallow - all
  142. Streaked-throated Swallow - Kalesar and Panipat
  143. Himalayan Bulbul - Berwala, Morni, Kasauli and Kalesar
  144. Red-vented Bulbul - all
  145. Black Bulbul - Morni
  146. Striated Prinia - Morni and Kasauli
  147. Grey-breasted Prinia - Berwala, Morni, Kasauli and Kalesar
  148. Yellow-bellied Prinia - Panipat
  149. Ashy Prinia - Berwala, Kalesar and Panipat
  150. Plain Prinia - Kalesar
  151. Graceful Prinia -Panipat
  152. Oriental White-eye - all
  153. Common Tailorbird - all
  154. Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler - did not see but heard a song 'wheeeeee eeyoo' being responded by another bird across the valley in Berwala on both days - doubtful
  155. Lesser Whitethroat (minula) - Kalesar
  156. Lesser Whitethroat (althea) - Morni
  157. Paddyfield Warbler - Panipat
  158. Blyth's Reed Warbler - Berwala
  159. Clamorous Warbler - Panipat
  160. Common Chiffchaff - Berwala, Morni and Kalesar
  161. Mountain Chiffchaff - Morni and Kasauli (doubtful)
  162. Sulphur-bellied Warbler - Berwala, Morni and Kasauli
  163. Lemun-rumped Warbler - Kasauli
  164. Hume's Warbler - Berwala, Morni, Kasauli and Kalesar
  165. Greenish Warbler - Berwala, Morni, Kasauli and Kalesar
  166. Tytler's Leaf Warbler - Morni and Kasauli (cannot be 100% sure)
  167. Western-crowned Warbler - Kasauli
  168. Grey-hooded Warbler - Morni, Kasauli
  169. Streaked-throated Laughingthrush - Kasauli
  170. Puff-throated Babbler - Berwala, Morni and Kalesar
  171. Rusty-cheeked Scimitar Babbler - Berwala, Morni, Kasauli and Kalesar
  172. White-browed Scimitar Babbler - Berwala and Morni
  173. Yellow-eyed Babbler - Morni (Gaggar bridge and Tikkar tal)
  174. Common Babbler - Kalesar
  175. Large Grey Babbler - Berwala, Kalesar and Panipat
  176. Jungle Babbler - all
  177. Red-billed Leiothrix -Kasauli
  178. Thick-billed Flowerpecker - Kalesar
  179. Purple Sunbird - all
  180. Crimson Sunbird - Berwala and Morni
  181. House Sparrow - all
  182. Russet Sparrow - Morni and Kasauli
  183. Chestnut-shouldered Petronia - all
  184. White Wagtail - Kalesar, Panipat
  185. White-browed Wagtail - Morni (Tikkar Tal), Panipat and Kalesar
  186. Citrine Wagtail - Morni (Tikkar Tal), Kalesar and Panipat
  187. Yellow Wagtail - Panipat
  188. Grey Wagtail - Berwala
  189. Paddyfield Pipit -Panipat
  190. Tree Pipit - Berwala, Morni and Kalesar
  191. Olive-backed Pipit - Morni and Kasauli
  192. Red Avadavat - Panipat
  193. Scaly-breasted Munia - Berwala
  194. Common Rosefinch - Berwala, Morni and Kasauli
  195. Crested Bunting - Berwala and Morni
  196. White-capped Bunting - Morni

Tuesday, July 28, 2009

Birdwatching in Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh)


Mrs Sarbajeet Kaur spent a few hours watching and clicking birds at Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh) near Chandigarh on 25 July 2009. She reported plenty of interesting birds such as Black-chinned Babblers, Verditer Flycatchers, Red-billed Blue Magpie, Red-billed Leothrix, Grey Bushchat, nuthatch species, Bar-tailed Treecreeper, Striated Prinias, Jungle Owlet and many other birds. The day is not far when she will be able to write a birding trip report of Kasauli with some of her selected good photographs. Here is a Black-chinned Babbler snapped by her.

Dr Salim Ali with S. Manmohan Singh











Vikram Jit Singh adds : My father, the late Sardar Man Mohan Singh (IAS, 1962 batch) was not just a birdwatcher. He was a committed conservationist and a keen shikari. His knowledge of birds was above average but certainly not of the technical brilliance possessed by professional ornithologists. However, he deployed his immense power of office and personal charm to work towards conservation. He his known as the `Founding Father' of Harike, where incidentally I immersed his ashes at the great confluence of the rivers Beas and Satluj in November, 2000. It was his efforts that brought Dr Salim Ali and the BNHS to Harike and the pioneering ringing work in the early 1980s. My father ensured that all bureaucratic red-tape was ruthlessly cut through to provide all facilities to the BNHS. Dr Ali shared a deep friendship with my father and depended upon him to undertake conservation measures in Punjab.



When in New Delhi, on deputation with the GoI, my father ensured liberal grants to the BNHS. In Punjab, his wanderings through the countryside during his shikar ensured that he was of great assistance to villagers in upgrading schools and building link roads where needed. His efforts resulted in the Punjab Wildlife dept publishing a book on the vernacular names of Punjab's birds. In one memorable incident, when he was UT Finance Secy, he was out shooting with his old friend, Flying Sikh Milkha Singh. Inadvertently, we strayed into a reserved forest area and were stopped by a forest guard. Milkha Singh curtly told the guard that the UT Finance secy was on a hunt and he should not stop us. My father was silent. The guard, however, would have none of it. My father turned on his heel and went back. The next morning, he summoned the UT Chief Wildlife warden and directed him to promote the forest guard.


Suresh C. Sharma : I have the honour of interacting with S. Manmohan Singh, IAS when he was posted in Ministry of Education, Shashtri Bhavan, New Delhi. I think it was early 80s.